Research article

Differentiation of angiogenic burden in human cancer xenografts using a perfusion-type optical contrast agent (SIDAG)

Alexander Wall¹ , Thorsten Persigehl¹ , Peter Hauff² , Kai Licha² , Michael Schirner² , Silke Müller³ , Angelika von Wallbrunn⁴ , Lars Matuszewski¹ , Walter Heindel¹ and Christoph Bremer^1,4

¹Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Straße 33, 48129 Münster, Germany

²Global Drug Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Müllerstraße 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany

³Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Sraße 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany

⁴Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF Muenster, FG3), University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany

author email corresponding author email

Breast Cancer Research 2008, 10:R23doi:10.1186/bcr1875

Published:	10 March 2008

Abstract

Introduction

Use of fluorescence imaging in oncology is evolving rapidly, and nontargeted fluorochromes are currently being investigated for clinical application. Here, we investigated whether the degree of tumour angiogenesis can be assessed in vivo by planar and tomographic methods using the perfusion-type cyanine dye SIDAG (1,1'-bis- [4-sulfobutyl]indotricarbocyanine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid diglucamide monosodium).

Method

Mice were xenografted with moderately (MCF7, DU4475) or highly vascularized (HT1080, MDA-MB435) tumours and scanned up to 24 hours after intravenous SIDAG injection using fluorescence reflectance imaging. Contrast-to-noise ratio was calculated for all tumours, and fluorochrome accumulation was quantified using fluorescence-mediated tomography. The vascular volume fraction of the xenografts, serving as a surrogate marker for angiogenesis, was measured using magnetic resonance imaging, and blood vessel profile (BVP) density and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were determined.

Results

SIDAG accumulation correlated well with angiogenic burden, with maximum contrast to noise ratio for MDA-MB435 (P < 0.0001), followed by HT1080, MCF7 and DU4475 tumours. Fluorescence-mediated tomography revealed 4.6-fold higher fluorochrome concentrations in MDA-MB435 than in DU4475 tumours (229 ± 90 nmol/l versus 49 ± 22 nmol/l; P < 0.05). The vascular volume fraction was 4.5-fold (3.58 ± 0.9% versus 0.8 ± 0.53%; P < 0.01), blood vessel profile density 5-fold (399 ± 36 BVPs/mm² versus 78 ± 16 BVPs/mm²) and vascular endothelial growth factor expression 4-fold higher for MDA-MB435 than for DU4475 tumours.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that perfusion-type cyanine dyes allow assessment of angiogenesis in vivo using planar or tomographic imaging technology. They may thus facilitate characterization of solid tumours.