Table 1 |
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Clinical studies of targeted therapy with anti-sense nucleotides, antibodies, kinase inhibitors and other agents in breast cancer |
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Cellular target |
Agent |
Application |
Clinical study |
References |
|
|
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|
TRAIL receptors |
TRAIL |
BC, gynaecologic malignancies |
Phase I |
|
|
26S proteasome |
Bortezomib |
Metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[22] |
|
Bortezomib |
Metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[23] |
|
|
Bortezomib/trastuzumab |
Metastatic BC |
Phase I |
[24] |
|
|
Bortezomib/capecitabine |
Metastatic BC |
Phase I/II |
[25] |
|
|
mTOR |
Everolimus (RAD-001) |
Primary BC, neoadjuvant |
Phase III, GEPARquinto, GBG 44 |
[88] |
|
Everolimus (RAD-001) |
Metastatic BC, bone |
Phase II, GBG 41 |
[89] |
|
|
metastases |
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|
p53 |
Ad5CMV-p53 and docetaxel/doxorubicin |
Primary BC, neoadjuvant |
Phase II |
[42] |
|
EGFR |
Cetuximab and paclitaxel |
Advanced BC |
Phase I |
[44] |
|
Erlotinib |
Primary BC, neoadjuvant |
Phase I |
[50] |
|
|
Trastuzumab and capecitabine versus capecitabine |
BC, beyond progression |
Phase II, GBG 26, |
[90] |
|
|
EGFR/HER2 |
Lapatinib and capecitabine versus capecitabine |
Advanced BC |
Phase III |
|
|
Lapatinib and paclitaxel |
Inflammatory BC, neoadjuvant |
Phase II |
[62] |
|
|
Lapatinib and paclitaxel/trastuzumab |
Primary BC, HER2+, neoadjuvant |
Phase III, GBG 47, NeoAltto |
[91] |
|
|
Lapatinib and trastuzumab |
BC, HER2+ |
Phase III, GBG 46, ALTTO |
[92] |
|
|
Ras, farnesyl transferase |
Tipifarnib and gemcitabine |
Metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[63] |
|
Tipifarnib and letrozole |
Advanced BC |
Phase II |
[64] |
|
|
Lonafarnib and anastrozole |
Metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[63] |
|
|
COX-2 |
Celecoxib |
BC adjuvant |
Phase III, GBG 27 |
[93] |
|
VEGF |
Bevacizumab |
Metastatic BC |
Phase I/II |
[68] |
|
Bevacizumab |
Metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[69] |
|
|
Bevacizumab and vinorelbine |
Metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[70] |
|
|
Bevacizumab and vinorelbine |
Metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[71] |
|
|
Bevacizumab, docetaxel |
Metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[72] |
|
|
Bevacizumab/trastuzumab, carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel versus trastuzumab carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel |
HER-2 positive metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[73] |
|
|
Bevacizumab, docetaxel |
Neo-adjuvant, nonmetastatic, metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[75] |
|
|
Bevacizumab doxorubicin/docetaxel |
Neo-adjuvant, inflammatory, locally advanced |
Phase II |
[76] |
|
|
Bevacizumab and capecitabine versus capecitabine |
Advanced BC |
Phase III |
[74] |
|
|
Bevacizumab and paclitaxel versus paclitaxel |
Advanced BC |
Phase III |
[5] |
|
|
Bevacizumab and trastuzumab |
HER2+, metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[79] |
|
|
Bevacizumab and docetaxel/trastuzumab versus docetaxol/trastuzumab |
HER2+, recurrent or metastatic BC |
Phase III |
[80] |
|
|
Bevacizumab and letrozole versus letrozole |
BC, advanced and metastatic |
Phase III, GEICAM/GBG 51 |
[94] |
|
|
Bevacizumab and erlotinib |
Metastatic BC |
Phase II |
[81] |
|
|
Bevacizumab and everolimus |
Advanced solid tumours |
Phase I |
[82] |
|
|
|
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BC, breast cancer; COX, cyclo-oxygenase; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; HER, human epidermal growth factor receptor; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; TRAIL, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. |
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Schlotter et al. Breast Cancer Research 2008 10:211 doi:10.1186/bcr2112 |
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