Table 1

Clinical studies of targeted therapy with anti-sense nucleotides, antibodies, kinase inhibitors and other agents in breast cancer
Cellular target	Agent	Application	Clinical study	References

TRAIL receptors	TRAIL	BC, gynaecologic malignancies	Phase I	[9,14]
26S proteasome	Bortezomib	Metastatic BC	Phase II	[22]
	Bortezomib	Metastatic BC	Phase II	[23]
	Bortezomib/trastuzumab	Metastatic BC	Phase I	[24]
	Bortezomib/capecitabine	Metastatic BC	Phase I/II	[25]
mTOR	Everolimus (RAD-001)	Primary BC, neoadjuvant	Phase III, GEPARquinto, GBG 44	[88]
	Everolimus (RAD-001)	Metastatic BC, bone	Phase II, GBG 41	[89]
		metastases
p53	Ad5CMV-p53 and docetaxel/doxorubicin	Primary BC, neoadjuvant	Phase II	[42]
EGFR	Cetuximab and paclitaxel	Advanced BC	Phase I	[44]
	Erlotinib	Primary BC, neoadjuvant	Phase I	[50]
	Trastuzumab and capecitabine versus capecitabine	BC, beyond progression	Phase II, GBG 26,	[90]
EGFR/HER2	Lapatinib and capecitabine versus capecitabine	Advanced BC	Phase III	[60,61]
	Lapatinib and paclitaxel	Inflammatory BC, neoadjuvant	Phase II	[62]
	Lapatinib and paclitaxel/trastuzumab	Primary BC, HER2⁺, neoadjuvant	Phase III, GBG 47, NeoAltto	[91]
	Lapatinib and trastuzumab	BC, HER2⁺	Phase III, GBG 46, ALTTO	[92]
Ras, farnesyl transferase	Tipifarnib and gemcitabine	Metastatic BC	Phase II	[63]
	Tipifarnib and letrozole	Advanced BC	Phase II	[64]
	Lonafarnib and anastrozole	Metastatic BC	Phase II	[63]
COX-2	Celecoxib	BC adjuvant	Phase III, GBG 27	[93]
VEGF	Bevacizumab	Metastatic BC	Phase I/II	[68]
	Bevacizumab	Metastatic BC	Phase II	[69]
	Bevacizumab and vinorelbine	Metastatic BC	Phase II	[70]
	Bevacizumab and vinorelbine	Metastatic BC	Phase II	[71]
	Bevacizumab, docetaxel	Metastatic BC	Phase II	[72]
	Bevacizumab/trastuzumab, carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel versus trastuzumab carboplatin/nab-paclitaxel	HER-2 positive metastatic BC	Phase II	[73]
	Bevacizumab, docetaxel	Neo-adjuvant, nonmetastatic, metastatic BC	Phase II	[75]
	Bevacizumab doxorubicin/docetaxel	Neo-adjuvant, inflammatory, locally advanced	Phase II	[76]
	Bevacizumab and capecitabine versus capecitabine	Advanced BC	Phase III	[74]
	Bevacizumab and paclitaxel versus paclitaxel	Advanced BC	Phase III	[5]
	Bevacizumab and trastuzumab	HER2⁺, metastatic BC	Phase II	[79]
	Bevacizumab and docetaxel/trastuzumab versus docetaxol/trastuzumab	HER2⁺, recurrent or metastatic BC	Phase III	[80]
	Bevacizumab and letrozole versus letrozole	BC, advanced and metastatic	Phase III, GEICAM/GBG 51	[94]
	Bevacizumab and erlotinib	Metastatic BC	Phase II	[81]
	Bevacizumab and everolimus	Advanced solid tumours	Phase I	[82]

BC, breast cancer; COX, cyclo-oxygenase; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; HER, human epidermal growth factor receptor; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; TRAIL, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
Schlotter et al. Breast Cancer Research 2008 10:211 doi:10.1186/bcr2112