Figure 1.

Hypoxic regulation of pathways promoting tumour growth. The transcriptional level response to hypoxia is amplified by positive feedback mechanisms and substantial crosstalk between the interconnecting pathways, thus providing a strong, co-ordinated response promoting tumourigenesis and malignant progression. EC,endothelial cell; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1; PBMC,peripheral blood mononuclear cell; TAM, tumour-associated macrophage; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.