breast-cancer-research.com

Table 1
Summary of the putative anticancer mechanisms of soy and isolated phyto-oestrogen compounds in breast cancer cell lines and rodent models
Phyto-oestrogen	Cellular effect	Proposed mechanism

Cell culture studies
Genistein	Growth inhibition	↓EGF receptor activity [23]
		Induction of cell differentiation [43]
		↓AP-1 activity, ↓ERK phosphorylation [58]
		↑p21^WAF1[59]
		↑TGF-β synthesis [75]
	Induction of apoptosis	↑Bax, ↑p53 [67]
Biochanin A	Growth inhibition	↓ER
Resveratrol	Growth inhibition	↓NF-κB activation [39]
		↑p21^WAF1 [66,69]
(-)-Epigallocatechin	Induction of apoptosis	↓Bcl-2, ↑Bax [70]
Epigallocatechin-3 gallate	Growth inhibition	↓Her-2/neu signalling [71]
Rodent models
Genistein	Mammary tumour suppression	Induction of terminal differentiation [38]
Resveratrol	Mammary tumour suppression	↓NF-κB activation [39]
Soy isoflavone extract	Mammary tumour suppression	↓ER-α, ↓PR [42]
Isoflavone mix	Reduced metastases	Not defined [40,44]

↓ and ↑ indicate a respective reduction or increase in protein levels or activity. AP, activator protein; EGF, epidermal growth factor; ER, oestrogen receptor; ERK, extracellular signal-related kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; TGF, transforming growth factor.
Limer and Speirs Breast Cancer Res 2004 6:119 doi:10.1186/bcr781

Table 1